Obama: US, Russia not destined to be adversaries

MOSCOW – President Barack Obama, working to warm U.S. relations with Russia, met for the first time Tuesday with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and told college students that the two countries are not "destined to be antagonists."
"The pursuit of power is no longer a zero-sum game," Obama said, speaking in the Russian capital to graduates of the New Economic School but also hoping to reach the whole nation. "Progress must be shared."
Obama used his speech to further define his view of the United States' place in the world and, specifically, to argue that his country shares compelling interests with Russia.
"Let me be clear: America wants a strong, peaceful and prosperous Russia," he declared in his speech, not long after holding talks with Putin. The prime minister said: "With you, we link our hopes for the furtherance of relations between our two countries."
Obama's upbeat comments to students at the New Economic School came on the second day of his summit in Russia, where polls show people are wary of the United States and taking a skeptical measure of Obama himself. Putin hosted Obama for talks at his home outside Moscow, where the atmosphere seemed cordial.
Before leaving for Russia, Obama had said that Putin had "one foot in the old ways of doing business and one foot in the new." But after his meeting with the Russian leader, he said: "I found him to be tough, smart shrewd , very unsentimental, very pragmatic. And on areas where we disagree, like Georgia, I don't anticipate a meeting of the minds anytime soon."
In his speech, Obama said the interests of Russia and the United States generally coincide in five key areas: halting the spread of nuclear weapons, confronting violent extremists, ensuring economic prosperity, advancing the rights of people and fostering cooperation without jeopardizing sovereignty.
But he also sprinkled in challenges to Russia on its own soil, particularly in the area of democracy. U.S. officials are wary of Russia's increasingly hard-line stand on dissent.
"By no means is America perfect," Obama said. But he also said: "Independent media have exposed corruption at all levels of business and government. Competitive elections allow us to change course. ... If our democracy did not advance those rights, I as a person of African ancestry wouldn't be able to address you as an American citizen, much less a president."
Obama said the U.S. will not try to impose any kind of government on another country. But he argued for democratic values "because they are moral, and also because they work."
On Georgia and Ukraine — two nations that have sought NATO membership to the chagrin of neighboring Russia — Obama tried a diplomatic touch. He defended the steps nations must take to join the alliance, adding, "NATO seeks collaboration with Russia, not confrontation."
The speech was not widely televised in Russia. It was carried live on 24-hour news channel Vesti, but not on any of the main, more widely watched Russian TV channels like First Channel, Rossiya, or NTV. And it was being broadcast with translation on Vesti's sister radio station, but not on the other two main state radio broadcasters: Radio Rossiya or Radio Mayak.
Obama's speech and meetings with Putin did lead the afternoon newscast on NTV, owned by state-controlled natural gas monopoly, Gazprom, and it cast Obama in a favorable light, showing he and Putin smiling and exchanging niceties before taking breakfast outdoors.
The U.S. and Russia have plenty of significant differences, but Obama suggested one of the biggest problems is fixable: deeply rooted and harmful assumptions from another era.
"There is the 20th century view that the United States and Russia are destined to be antagonists, and that a strong Russia or a strong America can only assert themselves in opposition to one another," Obama said. He dismissed that as inaccurate.
Obama said a genuine resetting of relations between the countries must go beyond the governments and include a partnership between peoples.
On the economy, Obama prodded nations to follow the rule of law.
"People everywhere should have the right to do business or get an education without paying a bribe," he said. "That is not an American idea or a Russian idea; that's how people and countries will succeed in the 21st century."
Obama's meeting with Putin lasted two hours — about 30 minutes longer than planned. They met a day after Obama held talks with President Dmitry Medvedev and they agreed that the two countries would seek by year's end to cut their nuclear stockpiles by up to a third. Obama told Putin he thought he had had "excellent discussions" on Monday with Medvedev.
But Obama also said he recognizes that "we may not agree on everything."
Medvedev, Putin's hand-picked successor, is the one getting the bulk of Obama's attention and negotiation time. All sides know Putin still holds much power, too, but Obama sought Monday to cast his meetings with both men as simply reaching out to the whole government.
The Putin session started the second day of Obama's Moscow mission. The goal: Engage the Russian people and persuade them that their interests coincide with those of Americans.
The challenge is more daunting in this country, where Obama is viewed with much greater skepticism than elsewhere and where the Russian people are wary of U.S. power.
"I think that President Medvedev is my counterpart, the president of Russia. The prime minister, who I just met today, obviously still has enormous influence," Obama said in an interview with Fox News Channel. "Interestingly, nothing Putin said contradicted anything that Medvedev has said. It was consistent."
Of Putin, he said, "I think he would admit that his formative years were shaped on the Cold War and that some of his continued grievances with respect to the West are still dated in some of the suspicions that came out of that period."
Obama hoped to change minds with a speech that White House aides had billed in advance as a pillar of his foreign policy — on the same level with his call for a nuclear-free world while in Prague, or his outreach to the Muslim world in a speech in Cairo.
The matter of democracy is closely watched because the U.S. has watched warily as Russia's control on dissent and the press has only stiffened in recent years. The country is considered one of the most dangerous places for investigative journalists to work.
Obama referred to Putin as "President Putin" in an interview with NBC, and then said, "I don't think it's Freudian. He used to be president."
Obama also had what the White House characterized as a "good meeting" with former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. He was to meet again with Medvedev at the Kremlin; join Medvedev in taking part in a summit of U.S. and Russian business leaders; and was to meet a diverse collection of civil society leaders from both countries — health experts, environmentalists, reporters, human rights advocates — who will be holding their own summit to re-engage bilateral cooperation.
In the late afternoon, Obama was to meet with Russian opposition leaders.